Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

HbA1c and risk factors’ prevalence in patients with stroke: a retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia

Faisal K. Alfakeeh, Yazeed M. Alghamdi, Bassam F. Alharbi, Abdulaziz M. Alotaibi, Khalid A. Alsaleh, Abdullah M. Alshubaili, Ryan H. Mcrabi, Farhan K. Alenazi and Awad Almuklass
Neurosciences Journal January 2024, 29 (1) 18-24; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230037

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  • Table 1

    - Distribution of different types of stroke according to patient medical history and demographics

     Type of strokeTotalP-value
     IschemicHemorrhagicTIA
    Gender
    Male500 (74.6)95 (14.2)75 (11.2)670 (100)0.001
    Female235 (76.8)21 (6.9)50 (16.3)306 (100)
    Age
    <65 years410 (72.2)82 (14.4)76 (13.4)568 (100)0.008
    ≥65 years325 (79.7)34 (8.3)49 (12.0)408 (100)
    BMI >25
    No161 (77.4)22 (10.6)25 (12.0)208 (21.3)0.718
    Yes574 (74.7)94 (12.2)100 (13.0)768 (78.7)
    Hypertension
    No196 (73.7)31 (11.7)39 (14.7)266 (27.3)0.569
    Yes539 (75.9)85 (12.0)86 (12.1)710 (72.7)
    Previous Stroke
    No565 (73.6)101 (13.2)102 (13.3)768 (78.7)0.031
    Yes170 (81.7)15 (7.2)23 (11.1)208 (21.3)
    Previous CAD/AF/VHD
    No591 (73.2)107 (13.3)109 (13.5)807 (82.7)0.003
    Yes144 (85.2)9 (5.3)16 (9.5)169 (17.3)
    Previous TIA
    No719 (75.4)116 (12.2)118 (12.4)953 (97.6)0.013
    Yes16 (69.6)0 (0.0)7 (30.4)23 (2.4)
    Anticoagulants/ antiplatelets
    No82 (46.3)88 (49.7)7 (4.0)177 (18.1)<0.001
    Yes653 (81.7)28 (3.5)118 (14.8)799 (81.9)
    Statins
    No157 (59.2)84 (31.7)24 (9.1)265 (27.2)<0.001
    Yes578 (81.3)32 (4.5)101 (14.2)711 (72.8)
    Smoking
    No622 (74.6)103 (12.4)109 (13.1)834 (85.5)0.416
    Yes113 (79.6)13 (9.2)16 (11.3)142 (14.5)
    Death
    No725 (75.5)110 (11.5)125 (13.0)960 (98.4)0.003
    Yes10 (62.5)6 (37.5)0 (0.0)16 (1.6)

    AF - Atrial fibrillation; CAD - Coronary artery disease; TIA - Transient ischemic attack; VHD - Valvular heart disease; BMI - Body mass index

    • Table 2

      - Comparison of HbA1c levels (n=976).

       MeanStd. DeviationMinimumMaximumP-value
      HbA1c     
      Ischemic8.172.343.2318.870.017
      Hemorrhagic7.732.244.6015.70
      TIA7.632.364.5014.40
      Total8.052.343.2318.87

      HbA1c - Hemoglobin A1c; TIA - Transient ischemic attack

      • Table 3

        - Univariate ANCOVA model.

        SourceType III sum of squaresdfMean squareFP-valuePartial Eta Squared
        Corrected Model102.273a137.8671.445.132.019
        Intercept1407.66111407.661258.611.000.212
        Age ≥65 years5.64415.6441.037.309.001
        BMI >255.92615.9261.089.297.001
        Hypertension2.23712.237.411.522.000
        Previous Stroke9.01919.0191.657.198.002
        Previous CAD/AF/VHD3.73513.735.686.408.001
        Previous TIA.3231.323.059.808.000
        Anticoagulants/ antiplatelets.0141.014.003.960.000
        Statins8.78218.7821.613.204.002
        Smoking7.78017.7801.429.232.001
        Type of Stroke34.359217.1793.156.043.007
        Error5225.4259605.443   
        Total68420.380974    
        Corrected Total5327.698973    

        • ↵a R Squared=.019 (Adjusted R Squared=.006); HbA1c - Hemoglobin A1c; BMI - Body mass index; CAD - Coronary artery disease; AF - Atrial fibrillation; VHD - Valvular heart disease; TIA - Transient ischemic attack

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