Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Prevalence and factors influencing eating disorders among post-bariatric surgery patients in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

Saleh A. Alghamdi, Mohammed A. Al Jaffer, Renad A. Almesned, Sadeem D. Alanazi, Alanoud W. Alhnake, Shahad M. Alkhammash and Nuran M. Baabbad
Neurosciences Journal January 2025, 30 (1) 36-43; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2025.1.20240023

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Tables

  • Table 1

    - Characteristics of patients.

    ItemsN%
    Gender
    Female275(60.8)
    Male177(39.2)
    Age groups
    18–25157(34.7)
    26–35157(34.7)
    36–4599(21.9)
    46–5533(7.3)
    More than 556(1.3)
    Nationality
    Saudi433(95.8)
    Non-Saudi19(4.2)
    Residency place
    Center170(37.6)
    East76(16.8)
    North21(4.6)
    South32(7.1)
    West153(33.8)
    Education level
    Bachelor’s degree318(70.4)
    High school diploma or less84(18.6)
    Postgraduate degree50(11.1)
    Type of surgery
    Gastric bypass9.0(2.0)
    Balloon surgery14(3.1)
    BPD/DS28(6.2)
    Sleeve gastrectomy400(88.5)
    Sleeve gastrectomy then gastric bypass1(0.2)
    Indication of surgery
    Selective272(60.2)
    Doctor selection/Obligatory180.0(39.8)
    Was psychological assessment necessary before surgery?
    No250(55.3)
    Yes202(44.7)
    Have you been assessed properly?
    No289(63.9)
    Yes163(36.1)
  • Table 2

    - Rosenberg self-esteem scale results before and after surgery.

    Scale resultsPREPOSTP-value
    On the whole, I am satisfied with myself
    Agree118(26.1)138(30.5) 
    Strongly agree128(28.3)287(63.5) 
    Disagree120((26.5)23(5.1) 
    Strongly disagree86(19.0)4(0.9) 
    Score2.64 ± 13.57±0.6< 0.001
    At times, I think I am no good at all
    Agree166(36.7)92(20.4) 
    Strongly agree63(13.9)47(10.4) 
    Disagree123(27.2)143(31.6) 
    Strongly disagree100(22.1)170(37.6) 
    Score2.58 ± 0.982.96±1 < 0.001
    I feel that I have a number of good qualities
    Agree176(38.9)165(36.5) 
    Strongly agree204(45.1)266(58.8) 
    Disagree50(11.1)13(2.9) 
    Strongly disagree22(4.9)8(1.8) 
    Score3.24 ± 0.83.5±0.64< 0.001
    I am able to do things as well as most other people
    Agree149(33.0)164(36.3) 
    Strongly agree172(38.1)257(56.9) 
    Disagree96(21.2)24(5.3) 
    Strongly disagree35(7.7)7(1.5) 
    Score3 ± 0.953.48±0.67< 0.001
    I feel I do not have much to be proud of
    Agree114(25.2)69(15.3) 
    Strongly agree55(12.2)56(12.4) 
    Disagree127(28.1)134(29.6) 
    Strongly disagree156(34.5)193(42.7) 
    Score2.85±13.03±1 0.001
    I certainly feel useless at times
    Agree135(29.9)92(20.4) 
    Strongly agree45(10.0)42(9.3) 
    Disagree126(27.9)137(30.3) 
    Strongly disagree146(32.3)181(40.0) 
    Score2.58±0.983.01±1 < 0.001
    I feel that I’m a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with others
    Agree192(42.5)171(37.8) 
    Strongly agree141(31.2)220(48.7) 
    Disagree83(18.4)41(9.1) 
    Strongly disagree36(8.0)20(4.4) 
    Score2.97±0.93.31±0.81< 0.001
    I wish I could have more respect for myself
    Agree172(38.1)141(31.2) 
    Strongly agree160(35.4)154(34.1) 
    Disagree62(13.7)81(17.9) 
    Strongly disagree58(12.8)76(16.8) 
    Score2±12.17±1.1 0.002
    All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure
    Agree111(24.6)60(13.3) 
    Strongly agree46(10.2)44(9.7) 
    Disagree114(25.2)124(27.4) 
    Strongly disagree181(40.0)224(49.6) 
    Score2.95±13.17±1 < 0.001
    I take a positive attitude toward myself
    Agree164(36.3)157(34.7) 
    Strongly agree175(38.7)263(58.2) 
    Disagree81(17.9)26(5.8) 
    Strongly disagree32(7.1)6(1.3) 
    Score3.07±0.923.5±0.67 < 0.001
    Total score28.17±6.2 (median = 28, range: 10-4031.7±5.3 (median = 32, range: 12-40< 0.001
  • Table 3

    - Positive and negative outcomes after the surgery.

    Outcomesn(%)
    Nothing39(8.6)
    Positive outcome
    Increased self-esteem368(81.4)
    Mood improvement256(56.6)
    Improvement in relationships with family and friends185(41)
    Social openness209(46)
    Relationship improvement with the partner158(35)
    Decrease anxiety115(25.4)
    Negative outcome
    Deterioration of mood47(10)
    Increased anxiety43(9.5)
    Withdrawal and social isolation21(4.6)
    Decreased self-esteem8(1.8)
    Deterioration of relationships with family and friends20(4.4)
    Deterioration of relationship with romantic partners12(2.6)
  • Table 4

    - Prevalence of bad habits during the last three months.

    ItemsN(%)
    Did you have overeating episodes in which you ate huge amounts of food for two hours?103(22.8)
    Did your overeating episodes occur twice a day?98(21.7)
    Did you feel out of control while eating during your overeating episodes?113(25)
    Did you do anything to compensate for or prevent weight gain from overeating, such as vomiting, fasting, physical exercise practices, or taking laxatives, injections?145(32.1)
    Did your body weight and shape affect how you felt about yourself?267(59.15)
    Did the overeating episodes only occur when you were below the optimal weight for your height?55(12.2)
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