Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Extrusion of the distal end of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter (arrow tip) through the intact abdominal wall in a 5-year-old male with Apert syndrome.
- Figure 2
Laparotomy procedure for the detachment of a migrated distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter (arrow tip) from the greater omentum in a 5-year-old male with Apert syndrome.
Tables
- Table 1
Literature review of cases of complete extrusion of the distal end of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter in the last 20 years.
References Cases (n) Extrusion type Extrusion site Age at presentation (yrs) Post-insertion duration (yrs) Nourisamie et al,10 2001 1 Intact Left thigh <1 (10 mo) <1 (2 mo) Pandey et al,11 2003 1 Intact Left posterior auricular region 10.5 <1 (6 mo) Schulz and Labram,12 2006 1 Intact Epigastric region 26 14 Kanojia et al,2 2008 4 Intact Right lumbar region <1 (3-6 mo) <1 (1-3 mo) Intact Cervical region Intact Cervical region Weakness Umbilical region Borkar et al,5 2008 1 Intact Right anterior chest wall 14 3 Vural et al,13 2008 1 Intact Sacrococcygeal region <1 (7 mo) <1 (7 mo) Birbilis et al,8 2009 1 Intact Left paraumbilical region 33 1 Silva Neto et al,9 2011 1 Intact Right posterior abdominal wall 5 5 Dağtekin et al,14 2011 1 Intact Umbilical region 2 1.7 Panigrahi et al,15 2012 2 Intact Epigastrium <1 (7 mo) <1 (3 mo) Intact Epigastrium 14 8 Oktay et al,16 2015 1 Intact Right lumbar region 1 1 Rehm et al,17 1997 1 Weakness Scrotum 46 4 Esposito et al,18 1998 1 Weakness Umbilicus 14 N/A Wani et al,19 2002 1 Weakness Umbilicus 1.5 <1 (6 mo) Silav et al,20 2002 1 Weakness Umbilicus N/A N/A Chan et al,21 2003 1 Weakness Left lumbar wound scar 70 6 de Aquino et al,22 2006 1 Weakness Umbilicus 1.6 N/A Eser et al,23 2006 1 Weakness Umbilicus <1 (3 mo) <1 (3 mo) Kella et al,24 2008 1 Weakness Umbilicus 1.5 1.4 Kumar et al,6 2010 1 Weakness Umbilicus <1 (3 mo) <1 (3 mo) De Jong et al,7 2011 1 Weakness Umbilicus 38 38 Ghritlaharey et al,25 2012 4 Weakness Neck wound scar <12 1.4 Weakness Anterior chest wall wound scar 2 Weakness Upper right abdomen wound scar <1 (2 mo) Weakness Umbilicus <1 (3 mo) Aras et al,26 2013 1 Weakness Posterior abdominal wall wound scar 1.8 <1 (8 mo) Fleissig et al,27 2013 1 Weakness Umbilicus 82 2.3 N/A - not available, yrs - years, mo – months
- Table 2
Frequency of extrusion of the distal catheter of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in hydrocephalus patients over the last 20 years.
Extrusion type n (%) Intact 14 (45.2) Weakness 17 (54.8) Umbilical 11 (35.5) Wound scar 5 (16.1) Inguinal 1 (3.2) Total 31 (100)
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