Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Demonstration of the included anatomical methods to evaluate craniovertebral junction abnormalities. A) points of the NTB angle of Welcker, B) the clivus canal angle, and C)clivus length, supraocciput line (S), McRae’s line (M), Twining’s line (T), and Chamberlain line (CL). Nasion (N), tuberculum (T), basion (B), and dorsum sellae (DS).
- Figure 2
Demonstrating the Chamberlain line used to evaluate basilar invagination. CL - Chamberlain line
Tables
- TABLE 1
Characteristics of CM-1 patients with and without craniovertebral junction abnormalities.
Patient characteristics CVJ + CVJ - Total (n=64) P-value n (%) Age 25±17 20±16 24±17 0.401 Gender (Female) 36 (67) 2 (22) 38 (60) 0.012 Clinical Presentations Symptomatic 34 (79) 8 (100) 42 (82) 0.154 Asymptomatic 9 (21) 0 (0) 9 (18) Headache 13 (30) 1 (13) 14 (27) 0.419 Neck stiffness and pain 4 (9) 0 (0) 4 (8) 1.000 Dizziness 2 (5) 2 (25) 4 (8) 0.111 Weakness 4 (10) 0 (0) 4 (8) 1.000 Paresthesia 11 (26) 0 (0) 11 (22) 0.176 Gait imbalance 5 (12) 0 (0) 5 (10) 0.580 Others 17 (40) 2 (25) 19 (37) 0.694 CVJ+ - With craniovertebral junction abnormalities, CVJ- - Without craniovertebral junction abnormalities - TABLE 2
Radiological characteristics of CM-1 patients with and without craniovertebral junction abnormalities.
Radiological characteristics and Decompression CVJ + CVJ - Total (n=64) P-value n (%) Syringomyelia$ 19 (37) 0 (0) 19 (32) 0.045 Hydrocephalus$ 13 (24) 1 (11) 14 (22) 0.399 Length of supraocciput* 39.5 (6.20) 40.0 (12.30) 39.6 (6.45) 0.757 Twining’s line^ 82.0±9.1 82.0±3.1 82.0±8.5 0.993 Length of McRae’s line^ 34.1±4.3 35.52±3.8 34.3±4.3 0.365 Length of Chamberlain line^ 74.3±7.5 76.3±5.9 74.5±7.2 0.435 Degree of tonsillar displacement^ 11.3±5.3 12.7±6.0 11.5±5.4 0.458 The length of the clivus^ 32.1±5.0 38.2±4.4 33.0±5.4 0.001 NTB angle^ 134.7±6.4 125.9±4.8 133.5±6.9 <.001 CC angle^ 152.9±9.0 158.8±4.3 153.7±8.7 0.058 Decompression 18 (33) 1 (11) 19 (29) 0.260 $n(%),*Median (IQR),^Mean ±SD, CVJ+ - With craniovertebral junction abnormalities, CVJ- - Without craniovertebral junction abnormalities Patient characteristics With syringomyelia Without syringomyelia Total (n=59) P-value n (%) Age 25±18 24±16 24±17 0.766 Gender (F) 11 (58) 23 (59) 34 (59) 0.938 Clinical Presentations 0.224 Symptomatic 14 (93) 27 (79) 41 (847) Asymptomatic 1 (7) 7 (21) 8 (16) Headache 6 (40) 8 (24) 14 (29) 0.309 Neck stiffness and pain 3 (20) 1 (3) 4 (8) 0.079 Dizziness 0 (0) 4 (12) 4 (8) 0.298 Weakness 4 (27) 0 (0) 4 (8) 0.007 Paresthesia 6 (40) 5 (15) 11 (22) 0.069 Gait imbalance 1 (7) 4 (12) 5 (10) 1.000 Others 4 (27) 15 (44) 19 (39) 0.345 F - Female Radiological characteristics and surgical intervention With syringomyelia Without syringomyelia Total (n=59) P-value n (%) Hydrocephalus 6 (32) 7 (18) 13 (22.03) 0.223 CVJ + 19 (100) 32 (80) 51 (86.44) 0.045 CVJ - 0 (0.00) 8 (20.00) 8 (13.56) length of supraocciput* 39.1 (7.10) 39.8 (6.90) 39.6 (6.45) Twining’s line^ 80.4±11.8 82.5±7.1 82.0±8.5 0.400 Length of McRae’s line^ 33.8±4.3 34.3±4.3 34.3±4.3 0.709 length of Chamberlain line^ 75.2±7.3 74.5±7.5 74.5±7.2 0.746 Degree of tonsillar displacement^ 12.8±5.3 10.9±5.5 11.5±5.4 0.210 The length of the clivus^ 33.8±5.4 33.0±5.0 32.97±5.35 0.555 NTB angle^ 135.1±5.2 132.4±7.3 133.5±6.93 0.149 CC angle^ 151.9±10.3 154.2±8.28 153.7±8.73 0.356 Decompression 10 (53) 9 (23) 19 (32) 0.035 VP shunt 0 (0.00) 5 (13) 5 (8) 0.165 Syrinx shunt 1 (5) 0 (0.00) 1 (2) 0.322 $n(%),*Median (IQR),^Mean ±SD, CVJ+ - With craniovertebral junction abnormalities, CVJ- - Without craniovertebral junction abnormalities, VP - Ventriculoperitoneal, CC - Clival Canal, NTB - The nasion , tuberculum (T) and basion (B)
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